There is considerable evidence to confirm health inequalities worldwide, and particularly regarding angina. Clinical decision-making is known to be both consciously and unconsciously influenced by a patient’s demographics (including ethnical and social backgournds), by systemic biases and a lack of qualitative information
Take-home message: Bias disproportionately affect subgroups of the population, resulting in adverse patient outcomes particularly in patients with Angina. Over the coming decades, there will be great advances in clinicians’ ability to guide cardiovascular pharmacotherapy based upon genotyping, which could contribute to reducing the differences in outcomes observed between ethnic groups