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Currently, the management of stable coronary artery disease is based upon the idea of flow-limiting atherosclerotic obstructions. Hence, revascularisation has been a focus due to obstructions being viewed as the cause of angina and myocardial ischemia. However, many randomised controlled trials...

The ISCHEMIA (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches) found that invasive approaches do not benefit endpoints such as cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction or hospitalisation for heart failure. There was also only a modest improvement in quality...

Out of the patients who undergo coronary angiography due to angina and myocardial ischemia, up to 70% do not have obstructive coronary disease. For many, coronary microvascular angina as a cause of dysfunctional coronary microcirculation is often the reason behind this....

The assessment of pre-test probability is an important gatekeeper for knowing which patients to select in diagnostic testing for coronary artery disease. The European Society of Cardiology (also known as The ESC) recommends evaluating pre-test probability from factors such as sex,...

Percutaneous coronary intervention, PCI, aims to relieve angina symptoms in patients with stable coronary artery disease. However, predicting symptom resolution post-percutaneous coronary intervention has proven difficult as the predictors are ill-defined. Furthermore, there is little evidence which supports the fact that...

Many studies have explored percutaneous coronary intervention, PCI, in patients with coronary artery disease to understand whether cardiovascular events and angina are relieved by PCI. In the trials COURAGE and ISCHEMIA, it was found that revascularization did not reduce cardiovascular events,...

Ischaemia with no obstructive coronary arteries, INOCA, is a condition which contributes to cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction and heart failure. This condition is more common in women, and often leads to recurrent hospitalisations and a lower quality of life. Underlying factors...

Ischaemia with no obstructive coronary arteries, INOCA, can be defined by the following criteria: (1) stable, long-lasting symptoms that include angina, (2) evidence of myocardial ischemia through ECG or cardiac imaging, both at rest or during physical/mental stress, and (3) an...

After percutaneous coronary intervention, an increase in fractional flow reserve often correlates with patients experiencing improvements in angina. However, focal and diffuse coronary artery disease patterns influence the change in fractional flow reserve, which may influence angina improvement. 103 patients were...

In patients with coronary artery disease, angina is a very common symptom, yet its impact on the quality of life experienced by patients over time is not well researched. This study obtained data from the Heart and Soul Study, which involved...